NIH Announces Therapeutic Trial With Supplement N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) To Treat Fatal Children’s Cholesterol Disease

You’ve got to LOVE supplements especially one called N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) when it can possibly help treat children afflicted with a rare and fatal cholesterol disease called Niemann Pick Type C (NPC). Considering there has only been only one clinical trial for Niemann Pick Type C ever conducted at the NIH (for a drug called Miglustat/Zavesca that costs about $80,000 per year, per child that is still not approved in the United States) it is quite exciting that we are starting a trial with NAC at a cost of about .20 cents per dose or approximately $350 dollars a year.

NAC is an antioxidant that increases intracellular glutathione. Glutathione issues are a known problem in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and many other neurological conditions. NAC can act as a precursor for glutathione synthesis as well as a stimulator of the cytosolic enzymes involved in glutathione regeneration. What is going on with intracellular glutathione? There must be a common pathway in all of these neurological conditions that is being disrupted (possibly lipids and cholesterol?).

NAC can apparently stop people from pulling their hair out due to a obsessive-compulsive disorder called trichotillomania. Maybe I should try it? I have been pulling my hair out for months over the fact that I know there are more cheap over-the-counter supplements like NAC that could help not only NPC children, but millions of others.

Thanks NIH for helping kids with Niemann Pick Type C!  Our small community can do big things and we’ll make this NAC study a success!

Dear families and supporters of the NPC community,

We would like to inform you of a new therapeutic trial that was approved this week by the NICHD IRB. The name of this study is Biomarker Validation for Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C: Safety and Efficacy of N-Acetyl Cysteine. This study still has to be reviewed by the FDA, but we are hopeful that we will be able to start enrolling patients in September 2009. Many of you are familiar with the ongoing NPC natural history study at the NIH. As a result of this study, we have identified some promising biomarkers. Some of these biomarkers are related to oxidative stress, which leads to damage in the cells of the body. We would now like to move to the next step and begin to validate the use of these biomarkers. This clinical trial will hopefully lay the groundwork for future therapeutic trials.

This new trial will allow us to both validate these biomarkers and begin to study the ability of N-Acetyl Cysteine (also called NAC) to treat the oxidative stress caused by NPC. NAC is an antioxidant that has been safely used in a variety of medical conditions in both young children and adults. In this study, we will use an effervescent tablet that will be dissolved in water or another clear liquid and taken by mouth three times a day. This will be a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. A cross-over trial means that means that each patient will receive NAC for an eight week period and placebo for an eight week period. The placebo does not have any NAC in it, but looks and tastes like the NAC tablet. Blinding means that patients and/or parents will not know the order in which the patient is receiving the NAC or placebo during the study.

We will ask participants to come to the NIH for four outpatient visits over five months. The first admission will be a two day visit and the other three visits will require only one day. Each visit will include a history and physical exam, fasting blood draw, urine collection and a quality of life questionnaire. We will also ask patients to have blood drawn at home and sent to the NIH. Our goal is to have 30 patients complete the trial.

There will also be two “washout” periods of four weeks each, during which neither NAC nor placebo will be given. We will ask patients to discontinue any supplements or medications except for miglustat (Zavesca) or those prescribed by a physician for the treatment of a medical condition other than NPC (such as seizures, ADHD, etc.) for the duration of the study. This is the only way that we can accurately evaluate the efficacy of NAC in NPC. Other supplements such as curcumin, CoQ10 and others could interfere with the study. We just can’t get good data if there are too many uncontrolled variables.

When a new potential treatment becomes available in a rare disease like NPC, it can be very tempting for families to try it on their own rather than in a formal trial, especially one that includes a placebo. One reason for using a cross-over design was to make sure every patient received the drug during the trial. We understand this urge to try these treatments independently. However, if too many parents/patients choose to do this, we will never be able to get good information on drugs that are “off-the-shelf.” This ultimately will make NPC clinical research more difficult and slower.

The NPC Natural History study has been more successful in the past three years than we ever could have imagined. This was only possible with the incredible support from the NPC families that participated and the NPC community as a whole. We will need continued participation to move this effort forward.

Please call or email Nicole Yanjanin at (301) 594-1765 or nyanjanin@mail.nih.gov if you would like more information about the study or if you are interested in participating.

Sphingosine and Calcium Defect Causes Niemann Pick Type C, Cholesterol Downstream Effect Of The Disease

In a recent issue of Nature Medicine, Oxford University reports that Niemann Pick Type C disease is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium.  According to Oxford researchers, there is a block in the late endosome to lysosome transport in NPC disease, resulting in the downstream storage of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids (a lipid derived from a ceramide that contains a carbohydrate such as glucose or galactose).

For the lay person, this means that cholesterol is not the ultimate culprit in Niemann Pick Type C disease — there is a cascade of events happening in the cell with sphingosine using up the calcium in the cell which then triggers a cholesterol traffic jam in the cells of NPC patients. Oxford conducted extensive studies and published a paper which shows many complex experiments.One experiment showed that Curcumin is helping to correct the loss of calcium and rejuvenate the calcium in the cell.

Typically, NPC mice die at 13 weeks of age.  Above is a picture of a 9 week old Niemann Pick Type C mouse — the one on the top is not treated with Curcumin, the one on the bottom has been treated with Curcumin.  Curcumin is obviously extending its life.  Curcumin is considerd a "spice or supplement," not classified as a drug. This is amazing research by Oxford and I am grateful for their research as my 4 year old identical twin girls, Addi and Cassi, are on high doses of bioavailable Curcumin (delivered to them 2x a day in applesauce!)

The data from Oxford suggests we must pursue a new clinical intervention strategy for treating Niemann Pick Type C, this horrible neurological disorder that is trying to take the lives of my precious twins. What Oxford has also shown us is that NPC patients potentially have another "treatment option" available to them in addition to Zavesca. For many NPC patients who have no access to drugs of any kind, Curcumin could help their suffering children.  Non-toxic drugs similar to myriocin that reduce sphingosine levels could be a therapeutic targets for NPC patients or drugs that act to reguvinate the calcium in the cell could help as well.

If you have a brain disease and have been told that Curcumin can help you and are interested in obtaining the bioavailable Curcumin UCLA Alzheimer’s reseachers have developed for humans, contact Verdure Sciences.  As I reported in my last blog, Verdure Sciences has a compound of bioavailable Curcumin that crosses the formidable blood brain barrier in humans.